Shabbiha: Paramilitary groups, mass violence and social polarization in Homs

No. Panggil :	eja-21-0372
Nama Orang :	Üngör, Uğ ur Ümit






Penerbitan :	[Place of publication not identified] : Sage - Crime and Justice, 2020

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Abstrak	Within a year, the Syrian uprising in March 2011 developed into a civil war that gradually escalated and within 9years killed over half a million people, displaced half the coun try s prewar population, devastated the economy, and destabilized the entire region, and even the world. The Syrian civil war split the country into four factions that were continuously at war with each other with intermittent, unstable ceasefires: the Assad regime, the various rebel groups, the Kurds, and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). The Assad regime was responsible for the bulk of the violence against civilians, quali tatively and quantitatively. Its violent crackdown on the mass protests in Syria became more extensive and intensive throughout the first years of the conflict. A key aspect of the regime s repression against the population was its use of paramilitary forces, the so-called Shabbiha, a catch-all category for irregular, pro-government militias dressed in (semi-)civilian gear and linked organically to the regime. From 2012 onward, they gradually became formalized, first in the Popular Committees (الشعبيه اللجان ,(and then in the National Defense Forces (الوطني الدفاع قوات) (NDF). Their violence strongly polarized sectarian relations in Syria, and therefore the Shabbiha are vital to understanding the broader conflict. This article will look at the mobilization and violence of the Shabbiha in the city of Homs. It is based on a combination of sources including ethnographic research, interviews with Shabbiha members, social media content, video clips, leaked documents, and testimonies of victims and other eye witnesses.
Entri Tambahan Nama Orang
001 Hak Akses (open/membership)	membership
Kata Kunci	Homs, massacres, paramilitaries, perpetrators, sectarianism, Syria
ISSN
Tahun Terbit	2020
No. Induk	eja-21-0372
Entri Sumber Data	Sage - Crime and Justice
Entri Utama Nama orang	Üngör, Uğ ur Ümit
Volume, Nomor, Tahun dan Hlm.	vol. 1, no. 1, p. 59-79
Barcode	eja-21-0372
Subjek Topik
Judul Utama	Shabbiha: Paramilitary groups, mass violence and social polarization in Homs
Kode Bahasa	eng
Sumber Koleksi	Perpustakaan Nasional